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Menorrhagia

Menorrhagia is a common disorder in women. In this condition blood flow lasts longer than 7 days. She may also pass blood clots larger in size than a quarter. In Menorrhagia there is menstruation at regular cycle intervals but with excessive flow and duration. Menorrhagia can lead to anemia if not treated.

Causes

• Hormone imbalance: There may be an imbalance in oestrogen and progesterone levels.  As a result of the imbalance, the endometrium develops in excess. When it is eventually shed, there is heavy menstrual bleeding. 
• Ovarian dysfunction: If the ovary does not release an egg, no progesterone is produced, resulting in a hormone imbalance.
• Uterine fibroids: These are noncancerous, or benign, tumors.
• Uterine polyps: These benign growths can result in higher hormone levels.
• Endometriosis.
• IUD
• Infection: pelvic inflammatory disease
• Cancer

Sign and symptoms

• Bleeding for more than eight days.
• Needing to change your pad or tampon during the night.
• Have to change or restrict your daily activities due to your heavy bleeding.
• Constant pain in lower part of stomach.
• Lacking energy
• Shortness of breath
• Menstrual flow that includes large blood clots.

Diagnosis

• Pelvic exam
• Blood test to check thyroid, check for anemia and how the blood clots
• Pap test to check cells from cervix for changes
• Endometrial biopsy to check uterine tissue for cancer or abnormalities
• Ultrasound 
• Sonohysterography: During this test, a fluid is injected through a tube into uterus by way of your vagina and cervix. Doctor then uses ultrasound to look for problems in the lining of uterus.
• Hysteroscopy to check for polyps, fibroids or other problems

Treatment

Drug therapy 

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen sodium , help reduce menstrual blood loss.
• Tranexamic acid. Tranexamic acid helps reduce menstrual blood loss and only needs to be taken at the time of the bleeding.
• Oral progesterone. The hormone progesterone can help correct hormone imbalance and reduce menorrhagia.
• Hormonal IUD
• Antifibrinolytic medicines to reduce bleeding.

Surgical treatment

• Dilation and curettage: In this procedure, doctor opens (dilates) cervix and then scrapes or suctions tissue from the lining of uterus to reduce menstrual bleeding. 
• Uterine artery embolization treats fibroids.
• Myomectomy: Is a surgical intervention to remove uterine fibroids through several small abdominal incisions, an open abdominal incision, or through the vagina.