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Postmenopausal Bleeding

Menopause is the end of menstruation. Menopause occurs when a woman has not had her menstrual period for a year. When a woman has gone through menopause, she normally does not expect to have any further bleeding. Postmenopausal bleeding occurs in a woman’s vagina after she has undergone menopause. Vaginal bleeding after menopause isn't normal.

Causes

• Uterine polyps
• Endometrial hyperplasia
• Endometrium atrophy
• Cervical cancer
• Endometrial cancer
• STD

Symptoms

• Vaginal dryness
• Decreased libido
• Insomnia
• Stress
• Increased urinary tract infections
• Weight gain

Diagnosis

• Ultrasound
• Biopsy of Endometrium: - A sample of tissue lining taken from the uterus. This tissue can then be tested for the presence of abnormal cells, such as cancerous cells.
• Hysteroscopy: - Examine the inside of the uterus and its lining. 
• A dilation and curette (D&C)

Treatment

• Estrogen Therapy: - Used to treat vaginal and endometrial atrophy
• Vaginal ring: It releases a steady dose of estrogen for about 3 months.
• Vaginal tablet
•  Progestin therapy:  Used to treat endometrial hyperplasia. 
• Polyp removal
• Hormonal Treatment
• Radiation and Chemotherapy