Semen Analysis

Semen analysis is an important diagnostic tool used to evaluate male fertility. It involves the examination of a man's semen sample to determine the number, shape, and motility of the sperm present. A semen analysis can be done for various reasons, such as to investigate infertility or to verify the success of vasectomy.

The test is usually conducted in a specialized andrology laboratory by experienced technicians who follow strict quality control and validation procedures to ensure accuracy and reliability of the results. The test involves a number of different measurements and evaluations, including:

1. Physical characteristics: The color, odor, pH, viscosity, and liquefaction of the semen are evaluated. Abnormalities in these characteristics may indicate an underlying medical condition.

2. Volume: The amount of semen present in the ejaculate is measured. A normal volume ranges from 1.5 to 5 milliliters.

3. Concentration: The number of sperm present in each milliliter of semen is counted. A normal concentration ranges from 15 to 200 million sperm per milliliter.

4. Morphology: The shape and structure of the sperm are evaluated. A high percentage of sperm with normal morphology is important for fertility.

5. Motility and progression: The movement and forward progression of the sperm are assessed. A high percentage of sperm with good motility and progression is necessary for successful fertilization.

To ensure accuracy, it is recommended that at least two, preferably three, separate semen analyses are performed with an interval of 7 days to 3 months between them. This helps to account for variations in sperm count and motility over time.

In the context of assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), semen analysis plays a critical role in determining the most appropriate treatment plan for male factor infertility. Based on the results of the analysis, a fertility specialist may recommend additional tests or procedures, such as sperm DNA fragmentation analysis, to further assess the quality of the sperm and its potential impact on fertility.